Set the oven to 350°F, grease a 10-inch springform pan with butter, and coat its interior with the reserved 2 tablespoons sugar. A thin layer of sugar should cling to the butter across the bottom and sides.
Beat the softened butter with the remaining 1 cup sugar on high speed using a stand mixer or hand mixer, then beat in the drained ricotta, scraping the bowl with a spatula as needed. Look for a pale butter mixture before adding the cheese and a fluffy consistency afterward.
Add the eggs, almond extract, lemon zest, and lemon juice, then run the mixer on high speed for 5 minutes. The mixture should become aerated, although small curds or visible separation may remain.
Stir the flour, baking powder, and baking soda together in another bowl, then mix them into the wet ingredients on low speed just until incorporated. Stop when no dry flour remains, without continuing to beat the thick batter.
Scrape the batter into the prepared springform pan and bake for 45 minutes, checking the center with a toothpick. The cake is ready when the toothpick has no wet batter or damp crumbs attached.
Set the pan on a wire rack and let the cake cool before releasing the springform and moving the cake onto a serving plate. The cooled cake should hold its shape during unmolding.
Gently heat apricot jam in a small pan, adding a little water only if it needs thinning, then brush or spread a thin coating over the cooled cake. A loose, spreadable consistency gives the surface an even sheen without a heavy layer of jam.